國際兒童節的設立，和發生在二戰期間一次著名的屠殺有關。1942年6月，德國法西斯槍殺了捷克利迪策村16歲以上的男性公民140余人和全部嬰兒，并把婦女和90名兒童押往集中營。村里的房舍、建筑物均被燒毀，好端端的一個村莊就這樣被德國法西斯給毀了。第二次世界大戰結束后，世界各地經濟蕭條，成千上萬的工人失業，過著饑寒交迫的生活。兒童的處境更糟，有的得了傳染病，一批批地死去;有的則被迫當童工，受盡折磨，生活和生命得不到保障。為了悼念利迪策村和全世界所有在法西斯侵略戰爭中死難的兒童，1949年11月，國際民主婦女聯合會在莫斯科舉行理事會議。為了保障世界各國兒童的生存權、保健權和受教育權，為了改善兒童的生活，會議決定以利迪策村屠殺時的6月的第一天為國際兒童節。當時的很多國家表示贊同，特別是社會主義國家。
The establishment of the international children's day, and during the second world war massacre of a famous for. In 1942 June, the German Fascist shot of the Czech village of Lidice men over the age of 16 and all more than 140 babies, and women and 90 children taken to concentration camps. The village houses, buildings were burned, a village it was ruined by the German fascists. After the Second World War, the world economic recession, tens of thousands of workers unemployed, lived a life suffer hunger and cold. Children's situation worse, some got infectious diseases, batch to die; some were forced to as a child, tortured life and life is not guaranteed. To mourn Lidice village and the world all the victims of fascist aggression in children, in 1949 November, the International Democratic women's Federation Council meeting held in moscow. In order to protect the world's children to survival, health and education, to improve the lives of children, the first day of the conference decided to Lidice village massacre of June as the international children's day. Then many countries agreed, especially the socialist countries.
世界上許多國家都將6月1日定為兒童的節日，尤其是在社會主義國家。在歐美國家，兒童節的日期各不相同，而且往往很少舉行社會公眾性的慶祝活動。因此有人誤解為只有社會主義國家才將6月1日定為國際兒童節。
Many countries in the world will be June 1st as children's festival, especially in socialist countries. In the European and American countries, children's Day date each are not identical, and there is often little celebrations. So it is misunderstood as only socialist countries will be in June 1st as the international children's day.
為了保障全世界兒童的權益，1949年11月，國際民主婦女聯合會在莫斯科召開執委會決定，將每年6月1日作為國際兒童節。新中國成立后，中央人民政府政務院于1949年12月23日規定，將中國的兒童節與國際兒童節統一起來。
In order to protect the rights of children around the world, in 1949 November, the International Democratic women's Federation held the Executive Committee in Moscow will be decided in June 1st of each year as the international children's day. After the founding of new Chinese, the Central People's Government on December 23, 1949 shall be Chinese, children's day and international children's day together.
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