英文
The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) ("black-and-white cat-foot") is a mammal classified in the bear family, Ursidae, native to central-western and southwestern China. It is easily recognized by its large, distinctive black patches around the eyes, ears and on its rotund body. Though technically a carnivore, the panda has a diet which is 98% bamboo. However, they may eat other foods such as honey, eggs, fish, and yams.
The Giant Panda is an endangered animal; an estimated 3,000 pandas live in the wild and over 180 were reported to live in captivity by August 2006 in mainland China[3] (another source by the end of 2006 put the figure for China at 221)， with twenty pandas living outside of China.[citation needed] However, reports show that the numbers of wild panda are on the rise.
The giant panda has long been a favorite of the public, at least partly on account of the fact that the species has an appealing baby-like cuteness that makes it seem to resemble a living teddy bear. The fact that it is usually depicted reclining peacefully eating bamboo, as opposed to hunting, also adds to its image of innocence. Though the giant panda is often assumed docile because of their cuteness, they have been known to attack humans, usually assumed to be out of irritation rather than predatory behavior.
The Giant Panda has a very distinctive black-and-white coat. Adults measure around 1.5 m long and around 75 cm tall at the shoulder. Males can weigh up to 115 kg (253 pounds)。 Females are generally smaller than males, and can occasionally weigh up to 100 kg (220 pounds)。 Giant Pandas live in mountainous regions, such as Sichuan, Gansu, Shaanxi, and Tibet. While the Chinese dragon has been historically a national emblem for China, since the latter half of the 20th century the Giant Panda has also become an informal national emblem for China. Its image appears on a large number of modern Chinese commemorative silver, gold, and platinum coins.
The Giant Panda has an unusual paw, with a "thumb" and five fingers; the "thumb" is actually a modified sesamoid bone, which helps the panda to hold the bamboo while eating. Stephen Jay Gould wrote an essay about this, then used the title The Panda's Thumb for a book of essays concerned with evolution and intelligent design. The Giant Panda has a short tail, approximately 15 cm long. Giant Pandas can usually live to be 20-30 years old while living in captivity.
Until recently, scientists thought giant pandas spent most of their lives alone, with males and females meeting only during the breeding season. Recent studies paint a different picture, in which small groups of pandas share a large territory and sometimes meet outside the breeding season.
Like most subtropical mammals, but unlike most bears, the giant panda does not hibernate.
Pandas eating bamboo at the National Zoo in Washington, D.C.Despite its taxonomic classification as a carnivore, the panda has a diet that is primarily herbivorous, which consists almost exclusively of bamboo. This is an evolutionarily recent adaptation. Pandas lack the proper enzymes to digest bamboo efficiently, and thus derive little energy and little protein from it.
While primarily herbivorous, the panda still retains decidedly ursine teeth, and will eat meat, fish, and eggs when available. In captivity, zoos typically maintain the pandas' bamboo diet, though some will provide specially formulated biscuits or other dietary supplements.
譯文
大熊貓(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)(“黑白偷偷前進(jìn)”)是哺乳動(dòng)物分類在小熊一家,熊科,產(chǎn)于中國(guó)中西部和西南部。它很容易被大,獨(dú)特的黑斑的眼睛、耳朵和圓胖的身體。雖然技術(shù)上一個(gè)食肉動(dòng)物,熊貓竹子節(jié)食是98%。然而,他們可以吃其他的食物,如蜂蜜、雞蛋、魚、和山藥。
大熊貓是一種瀕危動(dòng)物,估計(jì)有3000只大熊貓生活在野外,180多人被報(bào)道在囚禁2006年8月在中國(guó)大陸[3](另一個(gè)源圖中國(guó)到2006年底將在221年),與二十熊貓中國(guó)以外的生活。[引文需要]然而,報(bào)告顯示,野生熊貓的數(shù)量在上升。
大熊貓一直是最喜歡的公眾,至少部分的物種有一個(gè)吸引人的事實(shí)嬰兒的可愛,使它看起來(lái)像一個(gè)活生生的泰迪熊。事實(shí)通常是描述和平躺吃竹子,而不是打獵,也增加了其純真的形象。雖然大熊貓通常認(rèn)為善良,因?yàn)樗麄兛蓯?他們已經(jīng)知道攻擊人類,通常認(rèn)為是刺激而不是掠奪性行為。
大熊貓有一個(gè)非常獨(dú)特的黑白相間的外套。成年人測(cè)量長(zhǎng)約1.5米,肩高75厘米左右。男性可重達(dá)115公斤(253磅)。女性通常比男性小,并且可以偶爾重達(dá)100公斤(220磅)。大熊貓生活在山區(qū),如四川、甘肅、陜西、西藏。而中國(guó)龍已經(jīng)在歷史上中國(guó)的國(guó)徽,20世紀(jì)下半葉以來(lái),大熊貓也成為中國(guó)的一個(gè)非正式的國(guó)徽。其形象出現(xiàn)在大量的現(xiàn)代中國(guó)紀(jì)念銀、金、鉑硬幣。
大熊貓有一個(gè)不尋常的爪子,“拇指”和五個(gè)手指,“拇指”實(shí)際上是修改后的籽骨,這有助于熊貓竹子而吃。斯蒂芬·杰·古爾德寫了一篇,然后使用熊貓的拇指一本書的標(biāo)題文章關(guān)心的進(jìn)化和智能設(shè)計(jì)。大熊貓有一個(gè)短尾巴,長(zhǎng)約15厘米。大熊貓通常可以活到20 - 30歲住在囚禁的時(shí)候。
直到最近,科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為大熊貓的大部分時(shí)間都是自己一個(gè)人住,與男性和女性會(huì)議只在繁殖季節(jié)。最近的研究描繪了一幅不同的畫面,一小群熊貓分享大量領(lǐng)土和有時(shí)滿足在繁殖季節(jié)。
像大多數(shù)亞熱帶哺乳動(dòng)物,但與大多數(shù)熊,大熊貓不冬眠。
熊貓吃竹子在華盛頓國(guó)家動(dòng)物園,華盛頓特區(qū)盡管其分類學(xué)分類作為一個(gè)食肉動(dòng)物,熊貓的飲食主要是食草的,幾乎都是由竹子。這是一個(gè)最近的進(jìn)化適應(yīng)。熊貓缺乏適當(dāng)?shù)拿赶褡有?從而獲得一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)能量和蛋白質(zhì)。
雖然主要食草,熊貓仍然明顯熊的牙齒,并將吃肉,魚,和雞蛋時(shí)可用。被囚禁,動(dòng)物園通常保持大熊貓吃竹子,盡管一些提供特殊配方餅干或其他膳食補(bǔ)充劑。
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